Between 1960 and 1980, both eastern and western Europe experienced a construction boom of hitherto unknown dimensions. The new possibilities offered by science and industry paved the way to large-scale projects in architecture and urban design. However, the onset of recession, social changes, and environmental problems promoted criticism of the then contemporary concepts of modernity beyond political boundaries.

Between 1960 and 1980, both eastern and western Europe experienced a construction boom of hitherto unknown dimensions. The new possibilities offered by science and industry paved the way to large-scale projects in architecture and urban design. However, the onset of recession, social changes, and environmental problems promoted criticism of the then contemporary concepts of modernity beyond political boundaries.